Mayo Clinic researchers develop test to measure effect of breast cancer gene variants
Researchers at Mayo Clinic have combined results from a functional test measuring the effect of inherited variants in the BRCA2 breast and ovarian cancer gene with clinical information from women who received genetic testing to determine the clinical importance of many BRCA2 variants of uncertain significance (VUS), according to a news release.
The findings were published today in a study in the American Journal of Human Genetics.
"There are 4,565 different VUS in the BRCA2 gene listed in the National Institutes for Health (NIH) Clinical Variant Database," says Fergus Couch, PhD, Breast Cancer Researcher at Mayo Clinic. The database lists variants submitted by genetic testing laboratories and research groups.
He said people have no way to know the clinical significance of their particular variants. And their doctors have no way to use this information to select methods for preventing breast or ovarian cancer, or to select targeted treatment approaches for tumors with BRCA2 alterations.
"The current method for attempting to determine the clinical relevance of BRCA2 variants of uncertain significance relies on a series of rules from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics ACMG/AMP that use genetic information about the variants and information from patients and patients’ families," says Couch.
Couch and his team used a functional test to determine the influence of many VUS on BRCA2 DNA damage-repair activity. They first showed that the functional test was able to clearly discriminate between known pathogenic cancer-causing variants and known benign BRCA2 variants that do not increase risk of cancer. Next, they applied the test to the VUS and combined the results with other ACMG/AMP rules-based information.
"We found that 86 percent of the VUS we studied were reclassified as benign or pathogenic, which is a major step forward from the 10 percent or so missense variants in the DNA binding domain that have previously been classified," Couch said. "This is the first time that a functional test has been combined with ACMG/AMP information in this way, and the results show that it is highly effective."
